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Licensing pathway

Getting licensed in Canada

Get your medical degree source-verified, pass the MCC's MCCQE and NAC exams, match to a Canadian residency through CaRMS, then get certified and licensed by a provincial or territorial college. Experienced doctors may instead qualify through a practice-ready assessment or a recognised-jurisdiction route.

Canada has no national medical licence. Each province and territory has its own medical regulatory authority (college) that issues licences, so the rules differ depending on where you want to work. The Medical Council of Canada (MCC) runs the national exams and verifies credentials through its physiciansapply.ca portal. Most IMGs take the residency route: they pass the MCCQE (called MCCQE Part I until April 2026) and the NAC Examination, apply through CaRMS (open to Canadian citizens and permanent residents, with limited exceptions), complete residency, and pass the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) or Royal College exam. Doctors who have already trained and practised independently abroad may be able to skip residency through a provincial Practice-Ready Assessment (PRA) program or, if they trained in certain countries such as the US, UK, Ireland or Australia, through faster provincial routes. Requirements changed a lot between 2023 and 2026, so always check the current page for the province you are targeting.

Main route

Residency route (CaRMS)

Who it is for: IMGs who are Canadian citizens or permanent residents and need Canadian postgraduate training, including recent graduates and doctors without independent practice abroad.

  1. Step 1

    Open a physiciansapply.ca account and source-verify your medical degree

    Create an account on physiciansapply.ca, the MCC's online portal, and submit a source verification request for your medical degree. The MCC works with ECFMG (part of Intealth) to confirm the document directly with the school that issued it. You can apply for MCC exams as soon as the request is submitted and paid.

    Timing
    Depends on your school. The MCC says schools can take 3 months or longer to respond and it cannot guarantee a timeline.
    Fee
    CAD 150 one-time account fee plus CAD 232 per credential verified (MCC fee page, checked 2026-10-17)

    Where people get stuck

    • Slow or unresponsive medical schools can hold up the whole pathway, and nobody can speed them up for you.
    • Documents get sent back for name mismatches, missing translations or poor copies, which means uploading them again and waiting longer.
    • Ontario works differently. The CPSO checks credentials itself and does not require physiciansapply.ca for its licence application, so one verification does not cover every step everywhere.

    What it opens up

    • Eligibility to apply for the MCCQE and the NAC Examination
    • A verified record the MCC can share with provincial colleges
    • One of the requirements for the LMCC
    Canada
  2. Step 2

    Pass the MCCQE (formerly MCCQE Part I)

    A one-day, computer-based multiple-choice exam on medical knowledge and clinical decision-making at the level of a new Canadian medical graduate. It is offered at Prometric test centres in Canada and more than 70 other countries. On April 1, 2026 its name changed from MCCQE Part I to MCCQE, but the exam itself did not change.

    Timing
    Results about 4 weeks after the session ends (5 weeks for the April session)
    Fee
    CAD 1,500 application fee (MCC fee page, checked 2026-10-17)

    Where people get stuck

    • Canada-specific topics such as ethics, law, population health and how care is organised in Canada are often new to IMGs.
    • Test-centre seats are first-come, first-served and you have a 12-month window to write, so book early.
    • You get at most four attempts, and you must wait a year after your third attempt before trying a fourth.

    What it opens up

    • Meets the MCCQE requirement for the CaRMS residency match
    • Together with a verified degree, earns you the LMCC. If you applied after January 26, 2026, it is issued automatically at no extra cost.
    • Meets an exam requirement that provincial colleges and many practice-ready programs ask for

    Practise for this exam on MedReadySee availability in the app

    Official practice for this exam

    Canada
  3. Step 3

    Pass the NAC Examination

    The NAC Examination is a half-day clinical skills exam (an OSCE) with standardized patients and physician examiners. It checks whether you are ready to enter a Canadian residency, and you need it to apply through CaRMS. It runs twice a year, in spring and fall, in English or French at designated centres. You can take the MCCQE and NAC in either order. The NAC has not been discontinued: as of October 2026 the MCC still lists sessions and fees.

    Timing
    Results about 8 weeks after the session. A result does not expire.
    Fee
    CAD 3,320 application fee (MCC fee page, checked 2026-10-17)

    Where people get stuck

    • Seats and application windows are limited, so plan around the MCC's published dates well ahead of your CaRMS cycle.
    • Canadian expectations for history-taking, counselling and communicating with patients can differ from what IMGs are used to at home.
    • It is an in-person exam, so travel, visas and time off work add to the cost.
    • You get three attempts in total, and retakes cannot be in back-to-back sessions.

    What it opens up

    • Completes the MCC exam requirement for the CaRMS R-1 match
    • A standard national result that residency programs across Canada can compare
    • Meets an exam requirement for some practice-ready programs (Practice Ready Ontario lists it)
    Canada
  4. Step 4

    Check your residency eligibility for each province

    CaRMS has national rules plus separate rules for each province. Nationally you must be a Canadian citizen or permanent resident (with limited exceptions), hold an acceptable medical degree, have passed both the MCCQE and the NAC, and have a MINC number. Provinces add their own conditions, such as language proof, return-of-service contracts, or a provincial assessment program: UBC's Clinical Assessment Program in BC, the AIMG Program in Alberta, and recognition of degree equivalence in Quebec.

    Run by
    CaRMS

    Where people get stuck

    • Rules change every year and differ between provinces. Ontario brought in a high-school requirement for the 2026 match and then withdrew it in March 2026.
    • Temporary residents and people still waiting for permanent residency usually cannot enter the match.
    • Return-of-service contracts can tie you to an underserved community for several years after residency.
    • Separate provincial assessments (BC, Alberta) and language tests add deadlines and fees on top of the MCC exams.

    What it opens up

    • Knowing which provinces, streams and match rounds (iterations) you can apply to
    • A realistic list of programs before you pay application fees
    Canada
  5. Step 5

    Apply and match through the CaRMS R-1 Main Residency Match

    Applications, reference letters, interviews and your ranked list of programs all go through CaRMS Online. The match has two rounds, called iterations. The first is only for applicants with no previous accredited residency training in Canada or the US. The second is open to everyone who meets the basic eligibility rules. For the 2027 match, file review opens in late November 2026 and the match takes place in March 2027.

    Run by
    CaRMS
    Timing
    Once a year. For the 2027 match, file review opens in late November 2026 and the match is in March 2027.

    Where people get stuck

    • Positions open to IMGs are limited, so competition is strong in most provinces.
    • Canadian clinical experience and Canadian reference letters are hard to get from abroad.
    • Any US preliminary training counts as accredited training and makes you ineligible for the first iteration.
    • Writing province-specific letters and preparing for interviews in an unfamiliar system takes time.

    What it opens up

    • A residency position in a Canadian program
    • Eligibility for a postgraduate (educational) licence from the provincial college
    Canada
  6. Step 6

    Complete residency in Canada

    Before starting, matched residents need a postgraduate education licence from the provincial college. In Ontario, matched IMGs first complete a Pre-Residency Program and an Assessment Verification Period of at least 12 weeks. They also sign a return-of-service agreement with the Ministry of Health. Family medicine residency lasts at least 24 months.

    Where people get stuck

    • You are adjusting to Canadian clinical culture, documentation and team roles while being assessed.
    • In Ontario, the Pre-Residency Program and Assessment Verification Period come before regular training and can delay your start date.
    • Return-of-service obligations shape where you live and work after training.

    What it opens up

    • Eligibility for the CFPC or Royal College certification exam
    • Canadian training and references that provincial colleges recognise
    Canada
  7. Step 7

    Pass the CFPC or Royal College certification exam

    Near the end of residency, family physicians take the College of Family Physicians of Canada (CFPC) exam and specialists take the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada exam. Certification from one of these colleges is a standard requirement for an independent practice licence (the CPSO lists it, for example).

    Where people get stuck

    • Studying for a high-stakes exam while working full-time as a resident.
    • Eligibility does not last forever. For the CFPC exam, it ends after three failed attempts or three years after training, whichever comes first.

    What it opens up

    • Meets the certification requirement for an independent practice licence
    • Completes the last exam on the residency route
    Canada
  8. Step 8

    Get an independent licence from your provincial or territorial college

    Each province and territory licenses its own physicians. Typical requirements are an acceptable medical degree, the MCCQE and LMCC, and CFPC or Royal College certification. Ontario's residency page also lists Canadian citizenship or permanent residency and one year of Canadian training or practice. Since January 26, 2026, the LMCC no longer requires 12 months of postgraduate training and is issued digitally.

    Where people get stuck

    • Each college has its own forms, documents and timelines, so moving to another province can mean a new application.
    • Official pages do not always agree on immigration-status requirements (see the uncertain list), so confirm directly with the college.

    What it opens up

    • Independent practice in that province or territory
    • A Canadian licence history that supports later moves between provinces
    Canada

Official practice materials

Published by the exam bodies themselves. They show the real format and level, and they are the honest alternative to pirated question banks and "recalls". MedReady links to them; it never copies them.

MCCQE

  • Sample questionsFree
    Free practice questions

    A set of 55 MCC-style multiple-choice questions written the same way as real MCCQE items, each with the answer, a rationale and references. No account or payment is needed, and a PDF version is offered for personal, non-commercial study.

    From Medical Council of Canada

  • Practice testPaid
    Preparatory Examination (PE) and Preparatory Examination-Lite

    The MCC's own practice exams, bought through the MCC candidate login. The PE has 230 multiple-choice questions, the same length as the MCCQE, and PE-Lite has 115.

    From Medical Council of Canada

  • OrientationFree
    MCCQE tutorial

    A walk-through of the MCCQE exam software (navigation, flagging, highlighting, strike-out, calculator and timers) with sample exam questions. The same tutorial is shown on exam day.

    From Medical Council of Canada

  • Candidate guideFree
    Study smarter: A study guide for the MCCQE

    A PDF study guide that pairs learning strategies with an overview of the MCCQE blueprint and the Examination Objectives, plus a sample study plan you can adapt.

    From Medical Council of Canada

  • Content outlineFree
    MCC Examination Objectives

    The attributes the MCC expects of graduates entering residency in Canada, grouped by CanMEDS role. The MCC writes MCCQE and NAC Examination questions against these objectives.

    From Medical Council of Canada

NAC Examination

  • Sample questionsFree
    Free NAC Examination resources

    Two short videos (moving through OSCE stations and communicating with standardized participants) and three sample NAC cases as PDFs that show how stations are built and assessed, useful for role-play with peers.

    From Medical Council of Canada

  • OrientationFree
    NAC Examination candidate orientation

    An orientation module that the MCC lists as mandatory. It explains NAC Examination logistics and how to show your knowledge and skills at the different stations.

    From Medical Council of Canada

Other recognised routes

Practice-Ready Assessment (PRA)Doctors who have completed postgraduate training and practised independently abroad (mostly family physicians) and want to start practising without repeating residency.4 steps
  1. Step 1

    Meet a provincial PRA program's entry requirements

    Nine provinces run their own PRA programs under a national framework overseen by the MCC, and most are in family medicine. Each program sets its own intake rules, which can include exams. For example, Practice Ready Ontario asks for Canadian citizenship or permanent residency, proof of English, the LMCC (or being close to it), the NAC Examination, the TDM Examination (or eligibility to take it), and recent family medicine practice. PEI and the three territories do not run PRA programs under this framework.

    Where people get stuck

    • Requirements differ between provinces and intakes are competitive, so meeting the minimum does not guarantee a place.
    • Programs ask for recent clinical hours, so a long career break while migrating can disqualify you.
    • You may need several MCC exams before you can even apply, which takes time and money.

    What it opens up

    • Eligibility to apply to a provincial PRA program
    Canada
  2. Step 2

    Pass the TDM Examination

    The Therapeutics Decision-Making (TDM) Examination checks whether you can make safe prescribing and treatment decisions at the level of an independent family physician in Canada. Most PRA programs use it to select candidates. From September 2026 you apply directly to the MCC, with no PRA program approval needed, once you have submitted your medical degree for source verification. It is delivered at Prometric centres in Canada and worldwide.

    Fee
    CAD 2,850 application fee, starting with the September 2026 exam (MCC fee page, checked 2026-10-17)

    Where people get stuck

    • Canadian drug names, availability and prescribing norms can differ from what you used at home.
    • You get four attempts in total, with a waiting period after three fails in a row.

    What it opens up

    • Meets the TDM requirement that most PRA programs use in selection
    Canada
  3. Step 3

    Complete the clinical field assessment

    Selected candidates are assessed while seeing patients in a Canadian clinical setting, supervised by trained physician assessors, usually for about 12 weeks. In Ontario, candidates must get a provisional certificate from the CPSO and sign a three-year return-of-service agreement before the assessment starts.

    Timing
    About 12 weeks of assessment. Practice Ready Ontario says the whole process, from application to starting return of service, can take up to a year.

    Where people get stuck

    • You are assessed in an unfamiliar health system from day one, including its records systems, referral routes and team roles.
    • You may need to move to the community where the assessment and return of service take place.

    What it opens up

    • A licence to practise in that province, without repeating residency
    • Entry into the Canadian physician workforce
    Canada
  4. Step 4

    Practise under a return-of-service agreement

    After a successful PRA, you sign a return-of-service agreement to work in a high-need area of that province for a set period. In Ontario this is three years. The steps to a full independent licence afterwards vary by college.

    Where people get stuck

    • The location is chosen based on community need, not your preference.
    • Further steps, such as CFPC certification, may be needed before a full independent licence, and these vary by province.

    What it opens up

    • Canadian practice experience that counts toward practice-eligible CFPC certification
    • A route to full independent licensure in that province
    Canada
Recognised-jurisdiction routes (US, UK, Ireland, Australia and others)Physicians who are already certified or fully trained in jurisdictions that a Canadian college treats as comparable, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Australia or New Zealand.2 steps
  1. Step 1

    Check that your training is on your province's recognised list

    Several colleges now license doctors from approved jurisdictions without Canadian residency or a PRA. Ontario (since 2023): US board-certified physicians can practise independently within their scope. Family physicians from Australia, Ireland, the UK and the US who get CFPC certification without examination can also start independent practice. British Columbia: since July 2025, US-trained, board-certified physicians can get a full licence. Since July 6, 2026, physicians trained in Australia, Hong Kong, Ireland, New Zealand, South Africa, Switzerland and the UK in recognised specialties can apply directly for a full licence. Nova Scotia (since 2023): physicians on the UK, Australian or New Zealand specialist or GP registers can be licensed, starting with six months of supervision.

    Where people get stuck

    • Each province keeps its own list, so qualifying in one province does not mean you qualify in another.
    • Your training must match exact criteria, such as accredited programs and current certification. If you only partly match, you fall back to the standard routes.
    • These lists change often, so information even a year old may be wrong.

    What it opens up

    • A faster route that avoids Canadian residency and the PRA
    Canada
  2. Step 2

    Apply directly to the provincial college

    Apply to the college in the province where you will work, with verified documents and proof of certification and good standing. Some routes include supervision or orientation. Nova Scotia starts with six months of supervision, and BC requires its Physician Integration Program after licensure for doctors new to independent practice in Canada. Work permits and immigration are handled separately from the licence.

    Where people get stuck

    • Getting verified documents and good-standing letters from every place you have practised takes time.
    • You still need a work permit or permanent residency, which is a separate process from licensing.

    What it opens up

    • Licensed practice in that province, in some routes from day one
    • A Canadian practice record that supports later moves
    Canada
Royal College Practice Eligibility Route (specialists)Internationally trained specialists whose training was not in Canada, the US or a Royal College-approved jurisdiction, who want Royal College certification without repeating residency.2 steps
  1. Step 1

    Get accepted into the Royal College Practice Eligibility Route (PER)

    The Royal College reviews your specialist training and practice to decide whether you can enter the PER and sit its certification exams. In Ontario, the licensing pathway starts once you have passed the Royal College's written exam and been accepted into the PER.

    Where people get stuck

    • Training that looks similar on paper is not automatically accepted. The review is detailed and paperwork-heavy.
    • Rules on required practice time have changed recently (see the uncertain list), so check the current Royal College guidance.

    What it opens up

    • Eligibility for a restricted, supervised licence in some provinces while you finish the PER
    Canada
  2. Step 2

    Practise under a restricted licence while completing the PER

    In Ontario, physicians accepted into the PER who have passed the Royal College written exam can get a restricted certificate to practise under supervision for up to three years. During that time they complete the time-in-practice requirement and the Royal College certification exam.

    Where people get stuck

    • You need a job and a supervisor willing to take you on.
    • The certificate is time-limited, so the exams have to be finished within its term.

    What it opens up

    • Royal College certification, which supports an independent practice licence
    Canada